Panel A: Eric Hall was recruited from Oxford in 1968 to bring mammalian cell culture to RRL. Harald Rossi served on many committees, but was most proud of his long service to the International Commission on Radiological Units ( Fig. 4B), which were used in many laboratories around the world. Microdosimetry required the design and construction of elaborate measuring devices, the so-called Rossi Counters ( Fig. Harald Rossi is best known for his development of the concept of microdosimetry, simulating a volume comparable to the nucleus of a mammalian cell by using a tissue equivalent gas at low pressure ( 11). As a consequence, he was a logical successor to Failla as Director of the RRL. Rossi was a great admirer of Failla and they worked closely together for about 16 years. Failla had to use his considerable influence with the Atomic Energy Commission to get Rossi released from the army, to be his assistant on the Manhattan project, and to join him on the faculty of Columbia University. at Johns Hopkins, but quickly found himself in the United States Army when conscription was introduced after Pearl Harbor. 4A) was born in Vienna, but in 1939 moved with his family, first to England and then to the United States, in order to escape the Nazi threat. Quimby Lifetime Achievement Award of the American Association of Physics in Medicine. The stature of both Failla and Quimby in the field of radiology and radiation research is illustrated by the fact that both have prestigious awards named after them the Failla Award of the Radiation Research Society and the Edith H. 3B), commuting to Columbia-Presbyterian by subway from her home in Greenwich Village. She remained active until her mid-eighties ( Fig. Edith Quimby gave the Gold Medal Janeway lecture in 1940 ( 9), and she became so prominent in that society that the rules were changed to allow her, with a Sc.D., to become president of the society in 1954 ( Fig. She was also a great educator and co-authored “ Physical Foundations of Radiology”, the first physics textbook for radiologists ( 8). In the time before computers, a system of dosimetry that included rules for the placement of needles, rules for the distribution of the radioactive material, and nomograms to easily assess how long the implant should be in place to achieve the required radiation dose, represented a major contribution to the practice of radiation oncology. She is best remembered for devising a system of rules for radium implants that were widely used in the United States the well-known “Quimby Rules”. She took the job on a temporary basis while her husband was in graduate school, and ended up staying for 60 years, becoming arguably the most famous woman medical physicist in the country. In 1919 Failla hired Edith Quimby as an assistant physicist. He was not content to simply fabricate radon seeds, he wanted to understand both the physics and the biology of the radiation emitted. He learned to operate the plant, but he also learned everything known about radioactivity and its medical uses.” ( 4).
Juan Del Regato, one of the founding members of the American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, in writing about the pioneers in the field of Radiation Research said of Failla….” What would have been just a job to someone else, Failla turned into the initiation of a remarkable career. 2), which was a replica of the one built at Harvard by William Duane ( 3). Janeway hired Gino Failla, a young graduate student in the physics department at Columbia University, to operate the radon plant ( Fig. These small seeds turned out to be much more comfortable than radium needles, but they had to be fabricated for each patient and could not be reused. Radon emanation is a radioactive gas given off by radium as it decays, and if trapped in a thin glass tube it, in turn, decays and results in a radioactive seed a few millimeters in length with a half-life of about four days ( 2). The better way turned out to be radon seeds.
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